题目内容
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As used in the last sentence, the phrase "in short" means ______.
A．in the long run
B．in detail
C．in fact
D．in a word
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更多“As used in the last sentence, …”相关的问题
During the past 200 years the world population has increased 6 times, the annual world output has increased 80 times, and the distance a person can travel has gone up 1,000 times. There has also been much recent progress in art, culture, learning, and science. Such changes have led to a high rate of production and growth of the economy.
Economists fear that within the next 100 to 150 years, the earth's resources will become very scarce. Their fears are partly justified, but we should not be afraid. Industrial civilization adapts to new knowledge. By advancing knowledge, we not only create new forms of resources, but we also find ways to economize their use. Advanced modern knowledge can feed the hungry people of the world and improve their standard of living.
The figures in the second paragraph are used for the following purposes EXCEPT______.
A．prediction.
B．contrast.
C．definition.
D．explanation.
•For each question 15-20，mark one letter(A，B，C or D)on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose．
How to get to the top
Marketing used to be the route to the chief executive's chair，but the world has changed．Now，says Monika Hamori．professor of human resources at Instituto de Empresa in Madrid，it is finance chiefs who are most likely to get the top job，though experience in opera-tions-running parts of the companyis also essential．CFO Magazine found in 2005 that onefifth of chief ex-ecutives in America were former chief financiaI officers，almost double the share of a decade earlier．The importance of quarterly financial reporting，and closer scrutiny since the imposition of the Sarbanesoxley corporategovernance act，have put CFOs in the limelightand given them the chance to shine．
Another factor in reaching the top is whether you stay with the company you joined as a youngster．Ms．Hamori's research looked at companies in the S&P 500 and the FTSEurofirst 300．She finds that‘lifers’get to the top in 22 years in America and 24 years in Europe：‘Hoppers’who jump between four or more companies，by contrast，take at least 26 years on average to become chief executives．Insiders get promotions that reflect their potential，because their bosses have enough information to be reasonably confident about their ability．When executives switch from one company to another，however，they tend to move less far up the hierarchy，the researchers found．
The time taken to reach the top is falling．The average time from first job to chief executive fell from 28 years in 1980 to 24 in 2001．Successful executives are spending less time than they used to in each intermediate joban average of four yearsand they fill five posts on the way up．down from six．One reason for this acceleration is that company hierarchies are flatter than they used to be．Another important shift is the advent of female chief executives． 1n 2001 women accounted for 11%of bosses at leading American companies．ac-cording to the Hamori/Cappelli survey；in the early 1980s there were none．
America is usually regarded as the home of raw capitalism．with youthful managers hopping from firm to firm and pushing their way to the top．But the HamorL/Cappelli study and another by Booz & Company，a consultancy，show that Europe is a more dynamic and harsher environ-menl than America or Japan for chief executives．For a start，European chief executives are younger，with an average age of 54．compared with over 56 in America．The Hamor/Cappelli study shows that 26%of American bos-ses were lifers，compared with only 18%in Europe．
The Europeans also have a harder time once they get to the top.Booz ＆ Company's annual survey of chiefexecutive succession shows that 17.6%of European bosses moved on last year．compared with 15%of Americans and 10%of Japanese．Chief executives．the survey found，last longer in America：the average tenure over the past decade was just over nine years．But in Europe the average tenure over the same period was less than seven years．
Moreover．a whopping 37%of changes at the top in Europe were more or less firings，according to Booz，compared with only 27%in America and 12%in Japan．Booz puts this down to the more recent tightening of corporate governance in Europe,Another Booz finding is common to both sides of the Atlantic：looking back over recent years，board disputes and power struggles lie behind a third of chiefexecutive firings．In short，shareholder activism is making its presence felt，putting pressure on bosses to perform．
What is true according to the first paragraph？
A．CFOs'hard work leads to their increasing chances of promotion．
B．CFOs usually have no experience in management．
C．Marketing directors no longer have the chance to get a top position．
D．Chief executives used to be promoted mainly from the marketing department．
雇佣工人数 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
最后一个工人的边际产出 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 |
起初，本国雇佣了11个工人，而外国只有3个工人。试说明劳动力从本国向外国自由流动对两国就业、生产、实际工资和土地所有者收入的影响。
In Home and Foreign there are two factors of production，land and labor，used to produce only one good．The land supply in each country and the technology of production are exactly the same．The marginal product of labor in each country depends on employment as follows：
Number of Workers Employed | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
Marginal Product of Last Worker | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 |
Initially，there are 11 workers employed in Home，but only 3 workers in Foreign．
Find the effect 0f free movement of labor from Home to Foreign on employment，production，real wages，and the income of landowners in each country．
What I remember now about VE Day was the afternoon and the evening. It was a fine May day. I remember coming home at about five o'clock. My father and mother came in about an hour later. After dinner I said I wanted to see the bonfire (篝火), so when it got dark my father took me to the end of the street. The bonfire was very high, and some peo-ple had collected some old clothes to dress the unmistakable figure with the moustache (小胡子) they had put on top of it. Just as we arrived, they set light to it. The flames rose and soon covered the "guy." Everyone was cheering and shouting, and an old woman came out of her house with two chairs and threw them on the fire to keep the fire going.
I stood beside my father until the fire started to go down, not knowing what to say. He said nothing either. He had fought in the First World War and may have been remem-bering the end of that. At last he said, "Well, that's it, son. Let's hope that this time it really will be the last one. "
Where did the narrator live before the Second World War？
A．In a small city.
B．In London.
C．In Europe.
D．In the countryside.
听力原文：M: So, what do you want to do tomorrow？
W: Well, let's look at this city guide here. Uh, here's something interesting. Oh! Why don't we first visit the art museum in the morning.
M: Okay. I like that idea. And where do you want to eat lunch？
W: How about going to an Indian restaurant？ Humm. The guide recommends one downtown a few blocks from the museum.
M: Now that sounds great. After that, what do you think about visiting the zoo？ Umm, well, it says here that there are some very unique animals not found anywhere else.
W: Well, to tell the truth, I'm not really interested in going there. Why don't we go shopping instead？ There are supposed to be some really nice places to pick up souvenirs.
M: Nail, I don't think that's a good idea. We only have few traveler's checks left, and I only have fifty dollars left in cash.
W: No problem. We can use your credit card to pay for MY new clothes.
M: Oh, no. I remember the last time you used my credit card for your purchases.
W: oh well. Let's take the Subway down to the seashore and walk along the beach,
M: Now that sounds like a wonderful plan.
(23)
A．Italian.
B．Indonesian.
C．Indian.
D．French.
city, efficiency and versatility that they have practically "invaded" almost each and every human domain(领域). They have undoubtedly gone far beyond the expectations of a generation that had already lived under the spell(一段时间) of the TV set.
Throughout history there have been inventions that have been particularly remarkable and influential(有影响力的) within the scope of transport, education, health or communication. They have brought out comfort, health, knowledge or power. Some of them have produced minor effects; others have brought about very great changes. Think of the invention of the wheel, the automobile or the printing press, and what about the computer？
At the beginning the computer was thought mainly as an instrument to be used in the mathematical field, but soon people from other sciences began to get interested in this little "brain" that was capable of performing thousands of operations in a few seconds without getting tired or confused. They realized it could not only store millions of pages of information but also organize it in every possible way enabling man to carry out tasks unthinkable by other means.
Computers are now everywhere. They can make vehicles at supersonic(超音速的) speed and precision; they can control world banking transactions(交易), predict weather conditions, conduct an aircraft or a space craft, play instruments, manage nuclear weapons; they can operate on human patients, they can transfer information from one continent to another in seconds, they can...they can...they can... Yet, thank God, they still need human beings: to draw the instructions, to design the programs or to push the button!
Which of the following is true according to the passage？
A．All inventions have brought about complete changes.
B．Few of the inventions have brought about minor changes.
C．The inventions of the wheel and the automobile are not remarkable and influential.
D．We've benefited from the comfort, health, knowledge or power brought out by the inventions.
As far as ______ is concerned, computers have made a rapid growth in the last decade.
A．versatility
B．capacity
C．efficiency
D．All of the above.
Who was interested in computers after they came into existence？
A．Students.
B．Mathematicians.
C．People from many sciences.
D．All the people.
People began to find that ______.
A．computers may get tired afte performing too many operations
B．computers could organize information in limited ways
C．computers are able to carry out tasks quickly with the help of man
D．computers could store information, and organize it as well
According to the last paragraph, we know that the author thinks ______.
A．computers may replace human beings some day
B．everyone should believe in God
C．computers still depend on human beings
D．computers could live without human beings
No longer is the possession of information【C11】______ to a privileged minority. Forty years ago people used to【C12】______ to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a programme that【C13】______ into millions of homes. Communication is no longer merely concerned【C14】______ the transmission of information. The modem communications industry influences the way people live in society and broadens, their【C15】______ by allowing access to information, education and entertainment. The printing, broadcasting and【C16】______ industries are all involved with informing, educating and entertaining.
【C17】______ a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very【C18】______ to the individual and to the society of which he is a part, the vast modem network of communications is【C19】______ to abuse. How ever, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no turning【C20】______ .
【C1】
A．basis
B．base
C．foundation
D．ground
A.ones position is used as a gauge to measure ones intelligence
B.talented people like her should fail to get a respectable job
C.ones occupation affects the way one is treated as a person
D.professionals tend to look down upon manual workers
The means of sending communications are too numerous and varied for a systematic classification; therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communication. Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight, hearing, and touch play the most important roles. Smell and taste play very limited roles, for they cannot receive intellectual expression from fully developed systems of signs and symbols.
Examples of visual communication are gesture and mimicry. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight such as those used by deaf and dumb persons. Another means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags, of flashing lights. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch, such as by handshaking or backslapping, although a highly developed system of hand stroking has enabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, applauding in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully developed form. of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language.
The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last only a short time, and the person involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore all are restricted in time and space.
Why does the author begin his analysis with the means of receiving communication rather than the means of sending communication？
A．Communication actually takes place when the message is received.
B．There are more means of receiving than of sending communications.
C．Reception of communications involves of the senses.
D．It is difficult to organize by type the means of sending communications.
第二篇Milosevic’s Death
Former Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic was found dead last Saturday in his cell at the Hague-based International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.The 64-year-old had been on trial there since February 2002.
Born in provincial Pozarevac in 1941,he was the second son of a priest and a school teacher.Both of his parents died when he was still a young adult.The young Milosevic was“untypical”,says Slavoljub Djukic,his unofficial biographer.He was“not interested in sports,avoided excursions(短途旅行)and used to come to school dressed in the old-fashioned way-white shirt and tie.”One of his old friends said,he could“imagine him as a station-master or punctilious(一丝不苟的)civil servant.”职称英语教材
Indeed that is exactly what he might have become,had he not married Mira.She was widely believed to be his driving force.
At university and beyond he did well.He worked for various firms and was a communist party member.By 1986 he was head of Serbia’s Central Committee.But still he had not yet really been noticed.
It was Kosovo that gave him his chance.An autonomous province of Serbia,Kosovo was home to an Albanian majority and a Serbian minority.In 1989,he was sent there to calm fears of Serbians who felt they were discriminated against.But instead he played the nationalist card and became their champion.In so doing,he changed into a ruthless (无情的) and determined man.At home with Mira he plotted the downfall of his political enemies.Conspiring(密谋)with the director of Serbian TV,he mounted a modern media campaign which aimed to get him the most power in the country.
He was elected Serbian president in 1990.In 1997,he became president of Yugoslavia.The rest of the story is well-known:his nationalist card caused Yugoslavia’s other ethnic groups to fight for their own rights,power and lands.Yugoslavia broke up when four of the six republics declared independence in 1991.War started and lasted for years and millions died.Then Western countries intervened.NATO bombed Yugoslavia,and he eventually stepped down as state leader in 2000.
Soon after this,Serbia’s new government,led by Zoran Djindjic,arrested him and sent him to face justice at the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal in the Hague.
36.Where did Milosevic die？
A.In a basement.
B.In a prison.
C.In Kosovo.
D.In his own country.
