A.It determines the standard of one to reach to some degree.
B.It is the happiest period during one's life.
C.It is the most important time to mold one's character.
D.It is the best time for children to learn new things.
This view, 【B7】 is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 【B8】 history and economics, have 【B9】 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 【B10】 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
【B1】
A.admitted
B.believed
C.claimed
D.predicted
During the past 200 years the world population has increased 6 times, the annual world output has increased 80 times, and the distance a person can travel has gone up 1,000 times. There has also been much recent progress in art, culture, learning, and science. Such changes have led to a high rate of production and growth of the economy.
Economists fear that within the next 100 to 150 years, the earth's resources will become very scarce. Their fears are partly justified, but we should not be afraid. Industrial civilization adapts to new knowledge. By advancing knowledge, we not only create new forms of resources, but we also find ways to economize their use. Advanced modern knowledge can feed the hungry people of the world and improve their standard of living.
The figures in the second paragraph are used for the following purposes EXCEPT______.
A.prediction.
B.contrast.
C.definition.
D.explanation.
You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night along, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep that most dreams seem to occur.
Provided that you do not wake up during the first REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep — only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.
Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?
A.Scientific methods of studying sleep.
B.Why humans require sleep.
C.The phases of sleep.
D.Why dreams occur during REM sleep.
Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature. Autumn is the next best season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking.
Generally speaking, it is far fitter for creative thinking when the weather is ______ .
A.sunny and fine
B.windy and rainy
C.warm and wet
D.neither cold nor hot
For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations amuse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.
Normally a student would at least attend ______ classes each week.
A.36
B.12
C.20
D.15
Text 1
The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may c
hange in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.
In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the i
ndividual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age
loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as ri
ghts; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal pro
visions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.
41. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________.
[A] the definition of maturity has changed
[B] the industrialized society is more developed
[C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made
[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance
After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966 it stood at the lowest level in 25 years. Partly this decline reflected the low level of births during the depression and the war, but it was also caused by changes in Canadian society. Young people were staying at school longer; more women were working; young married couples were buying automobiles or houses before starting families; rising; living standards were cutting down the size of families. It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.
Although the growth in Canada's population had slowed down by 1966 (the increase in the first half of the 1960's was only nine percent), another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Educational changes in Canadian society.
B.Canada during the Second World War.
C.Standards of living in Canada.
D.Population trends in postwar Canada.
The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the【3】of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest.【4】by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly【5】themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the【6】of violence in the media and its【7】harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media【8】, such as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these media,【9】television,【10】public concern and research attention.
Another large societal concern on our young generation【11】by the media, is body image.【12】forces can influence body image positively or negatively.【13】one, societaland cultural norms and mass media marketing【14】our concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images of【15】beauty fill magazines and newspapers,【16】from our televisions and entertain us【17】the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media【18】on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a【19】 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n)【20】that carries unrealistic physical expectations.
(1)
A.alternative
B.preference
C.substitute
D.representative
heavy investment in licences and network infrastructure. Competition in the sector is fierce and technological
advances are a characteristic of the industry. Johan has responded to these factors by offering incentives to customers
and, in an attempt to acquire and retain them, Johan purchased a telecom licence on 1 December 2006 for
$120 million. The licence has a term of six years and cannot be used until the network assets and infrastructure are
ready for use. The related network assets and infrastructure became ready for use on 1 December 2007. Johan could
not operate in the country without the licence and is not permitted to sell the licence. Johan expects its subscriber
base to grow over the period of the licence but is disappointed with its market share for the year to 30 November
2008. The licence agreement does not deal with the renewal of the licence but there is an expectation that the
regulator will grant a single renewal for the same period of time as long as certain criteria regarding network build
quality and service quality are met. Johan has no experience of the charge that will be made by the regulator for the
renewal but other licences have been renewed at a nominal cost. The licence is currently stated at its original cost of
$120 million in the statement of financial position under non-current assets.
Johan is considering extending its network and has carried out a feasibility study during the year to 30 November
2008. The design and planning department of Johan identified five possible geographical areas for the extension of
its network. The internal costs of this study were $150,000 and the external costs were $100,000 during the year
to 30 November 2008. Following the feasibility study, Johan chose a geographical area where it was going to install
a base station for the telephone network. The location of the base station was dependent upon getting planning
permission. A further independent study has been carried out by third party consultants in an attempt to provide a
preferred location in the area, as there is a need for the optimal operation of the network in terms of signal quality
and coverage. Johan proposes to build a base station on the recommended site on which planning permission has
been obtained. The third party consultants have charged $50,000 for the study. Additionally Johan has paid
$300,000 as a single payment together with $60,000 a month to the government of the region for access to the land
upon which the base station will be situated. The contract with the government is for a period of 12 years and
commenced on 1 November 2008. There is no right of renewal of the contract and legal title to the land remains with
the government.
Johan purchases telephone handsets from a manufacturer for $200 each, and sells the handsets direct to customers
for $150 if they purchase call credit (call card) in advance on what is called a prepaid phone. The costs of selling the
handset are estimated at $1 per set. The customers using a prepaid phone pay $21 for each call card at the purchase
date. Call cards expire six months from the date of first sale. There is an average unused call credit of $3 per card
after six months and the card is activated when sold.
Johan also sells handsets to dealers for $150 and invoices the dealers for those handsets. The dealer can return the
handset up to a service contract being signed by a customer. When the customer signs a service contract, the
customer receives the handset free of charge. Johan allows the dealer a commission of $280 on the connection of a
customer and the transaction with the dealer is settled net by a payment of $130 by Johan to the dealer being the
cost of the handset to the dealer ($150) deducted from the commission ($280). The handset cannot be sold
separately by the dealer and the service contract lasts for a 12 month period. Dealers do not sell prepaid phones, and
Johan receives monthly revenue from the service contract.
The chief operating officer, a non-accountant, has asked for an explanation of the accounting principles and practices
which should be used to account for the above events.
Required:
Discuss the principles and practices which should be used in the financial year to 30 November 2008 to account
for:
(a) the licences; (8 marks)
Often enough the craft worker's place of employment in ancient Greece was set in
rural isolation. Potter, for instance, found it convenient to locate their workshops near
their source of clay, regardless of its relation to the center of settlement. At Corinth and
Athens, however, two of the best-known potters' quarters were situated on the cities'
(5) outskirts, and potters and makers of terra-cotta figurines were also established well within
the city of Athens itself. The techniques of pottery manufacture had evolved well before
the Greek period, but marked stylistic developments occurred in shape and in decoration,
for example, in the interplay of black and other giazes with the red surface of the fired pot.
Athenian black-figure and red-figure decoration, which emphasized human figures rather
(10) than animal images, was adopted between 630 and 530 B.C.; its distinctive color and luster
were the result of the skillful adjustments of the kiln's temperature during an extended
three-stage period if firing the clayware. Whether it was the potters or the vase-painters
who initiated changes in firing is unclear; the functions of making and decorating were
usually divided between them, but neither group can have been so specialized the they
(15) did not share in the concerns of the other.
The broad utility of terra-cotta was such that workers in clay could generally afford to
Confine themselves to either decorated ware and housewares like cooking pots and storage
Jars or building materials like roof tiles and drainpipes. Some sixth-and fifth-century B.C.
Athenian pottery establishments are known to have concentrated on a limited range of fine
(20) ware, but a rural pottery establishment on the island of Thasos produced many types of
pottery and roof tiles too, presumably to meet local demand. Molds were used to create
particular effects for some products, such as relief-decorated vessels and figurines; for
other products such as roof tiles, which were needed in some quantity, they were used to
facilitate mass production. There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted
(25) pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means-as numerous featureless statuettes and
unattractive cases testify.
The passage mainly discusses ancient Greek pottery and its
A.production techniques
B.similarity to other crafts
C.unusual materials
D.resemblance to earlier pottery