用小型开放模型预测，在下列每个事件时，贸易余额、实际汇率和名义汇率会发生什么变动。 a．消费者对未来的信心

用小型开放模型预测，在下列每个事件时，贸易余额、实际汇率和名义汇率会发生什么变动。

a．消费者对未来的信心下降引起消费者消费更少而储蓄增加；

b．引进丰田的新型生产线使消费者对外国汽车的偏好大于本国汽车；

c．引进自动取款机减少了货币需求。

Use the model of the small open economy to predict what would happen to the trade balance, the real exchange rate, and the nominal exchange rate in response to each of the following events.

a．A fall in consumer confidence about the future induces consumers to spend less and save more.

b．The introduction of a stylish line of Toyotas makes some consumers prefer foreign cars over domestic ears.

c．The introduction of automatic teller machines reduces the demand for money.