Early or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, (he father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone -- far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.
Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A.Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older.
B.Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
C.The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.
D.Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.
A.The first-round talks should start as soon as possible.
B.He could change his schedule to meet John Smith.
C.The talks can be held any day except this Friday.
D.The woman should contact John Smith first.
Speaker A: Where can we get the computer fixed?Speaker B: ______
A.Yes. I have no idea.
B.Why not ask John about it.
C.No. I believe there is one at the corner.
D.Why do you want it repaired?
In the compressed history of Earth the Declaration of Independence is signed______.
A.a long time before the New Year
B.immediately after the New Year's Day
C.just one second before the New Year
D.right on the New Year's Day
A.a palace of a house
B.a house of a palace
C.a house of her palace
D.a palace of her house
In mixing concrete, one of the desires the amateur must resist is to________.
A.break off a corner to see if the "green" has gone
B.leave the form. on too long
C.strip off the forms a day after the concrete has properly hardened
D.use too much water
A.The penny that doubles itself every day for one month
B.The time span of at least two million years in human history
C.An illustration of the exponent growth rate given by the author
D.The large amount of money you would luckily make after the fourth week
【B4】 its economy continues to recover, the U.S. is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This " 【B5】 " work force is the most important 【B6】 in American business today, and it is 【B7】 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 【B8】 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 【B9】 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 【B10】 that came from being a loyal employee.
【B1】
A.swarm
B.stride
C.separate
D.slip
Passage Three
When it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make cars--one, strange to say, that originated (超源于) in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).
Back in the early 1900's, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a "disassembly line". Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto (磁电机). Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another part to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened.
"The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person."
Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were pulled past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasn't long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers the world over copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations (革新), entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.
To what extent does the writer agree with the historian a century from now?
A.He agrees only slightly.
B.He agrees almost completely.
C.He almost disagrees.
D.He disagrees completely.
One day Satan came to the Garden. He changed into a snake and went to live in the Tree of Knowledge. When Eve came near the tree one day, the snake called her. He gave her an apple and said," Take this apple and eat it. Don' t listen to the God. Eat it. "After Eve took a bite, she the apple to Adam. He was afraid, but Eve repeated again and again: "It' s good. Here, eat it. Why not?" So he finally ate the apple.
Before they ate the apple; Adam and Eve didn' t know that they were naked. But now they were ashamed and covered their bodies with leaves. God was angry with them. He said, "Leave the Gar den. You cannot stay here."
When Adam and Eve left the garden, they had their first experience of pain and hard work in the cold hard world outside.
God put Adam in a beautiful garden where he lived ______.
A.peacefully with other people
B.happily with all the animals
C.by himself without any other people
D.eternally
【C1】
A.acknowledging
B.verifying
C.proving
D.achieving