考虑失业会如何影响索洛增长模型。假定产出是根据生产函数Y=Ka[（1－u＜sup＞*＜／sup＞)L]1－a而生产的

第1题

考虑失业会如何影响索洛增长模型。假定产出是根据生产函数Y=K^a[(1-u＜sup＞*＜/sup＞)L]^1-a而生产的。式中，K为资本；L为劳动；u＜sup＞*＜/sup＞为自然失业率。国民储蓄率为s，劳动力增长率为n。资本折旧率为δ。

a．把人均产出(y=Y/L)表示为人均资本(k=K/L)和自然失业率的函数。描述该经济的稳定状态。

b．假定政府政策的某些变化降低了自然失业率。描述这一变化随时间的推进如何影响产出。对产出的稳定状态的影响大于还是小于立即的影响？请解释。

Consider how unemployment would affect the Solow growth model. Suppose that output is produced according to the production function Y=K^α[(1-u＜sup＞*＜/sup＞)L]^1-α，where K is capital, L is the labor force, and u＜sup＞*＜/sup＞ is the natural rate of unemployment. The national saving rate is s, the labor force grows at rate n, and capital depreciates at rate δ.

a．Express output per worker (y=Y/L) as a function of capital per worker (k=K/L) and the natural rate of unemployment. Describe the steady state of this economy.

b．Suppose that some change in government policy reduces the natural rate of unemployment. Describe how this change affects output both immediately and over time. Is the steady-state effect on output larger or smaller than the immediate effect？ Explain.

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第2题

在索洛模型中，人口增长导致稳定状态的总产出增长，但人均产出并不增长。你认为。如果生产函数表现出规模收益递

增或递减，这一点仍然正确吗？请解释。

In the Solow model, population growth leads to steady-state growth in total output, but not in output per worker. Do you think this would still be true if the production function exhibited increasing or decreasing returns to scale？ Explain.

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第3题

假设索洛模型所描述的一个经济处于人口增长n为每年1．0％，技术进步率g为每年2．0％的稳态。总产出和总

资本以每年3％的速度增长。再假设产出中资本的份额为0．3。如果你用增长核算方程式把产出的增长分为三个源泉——资本、劳动，以及全要素生产率——那么，你归于这每一个源泉的产出的增长是多少？

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第4题

下面的问题详细地分析教材中介绍的两部门内生增长模型。 a．用效率工人的人均产出和效率工人的人均资本重新

下面的问题详细地分析教材中介绍的两部门内生增长模型。

a．用效率工人的人均产出和效率工人的人均资本重新求出制成品的生产函数。

b．在这个经济中，收支相抵的投资(保持效率工人人均资本量不变所需要的投资量)是多少？

c．求出k变动的公式，该公式表示△k是储蓄减收支相抵的投资。用这个式子画出一个表示稳定状态k的决定的图形。(提示：这个图看起来很像我们在分析索洛模型时所用过的图。)

d．在这个经济中，稳定状态的人均产出Y/L增长率是多少？储蓄率s和在大学中的劳动力比例u如何影响这一稳定状态增长率？

e．用你的图说明u的提高的影响。(提示：这种变动对两条曲线都产生影响。)

f．根据你的分析，u的提高对经济肯定是一件好事吗？并解释。

This question asks you to analyze in more detail the two-sector endogenous growth model presented in the text.

a．Rewrite the production function for manufactured goods in terms of output per effective worker and capital per effective worker.

b．In this economy, what is break-even investment (the amount of investment needed to keep capital per effective worker constant)？

c．Write down the equation of motion for k. which shows △k as saving minus break-even investment, Use this equation to draw a graph showing the determination of steady-state k. (Hint: This graph will look much like those we used to analyze the Solow model.)

d．In this economy, what is the steady-state growth rate of output per worker Y/L？ How do the saving rate s and the fraction of the labor force in universities u affect this steadystate growth rate？

e．Using your graph, show the impact of an increase in u. (Hint: This change affects both curves.) Describe both the immediate and the steady-state effects.

f．Based on your analysis, is an increase in u an unambiguously good thing for the economy？ Explain.

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第5题

假定一个国家经历了生产率下降——也就是说，对生产函数的不利冲击。 a．劳动需求曲线会有什么变动？ b．如果劳

假定一个国家经历了生产率下降——也就是说，对生产函数的不利冲击。

a．劳动需求曲线会有什么变动？

b．如果劳动力市场总处于均衡状态，生产率的这种变动会如何影响劳动市场——也就是说，会如何影响就业、失业。以及实际工资？

c．如果工会阻止了实际工资下降，生产率的变动会如何影响劳动市场？

Suppose that a country experiences a reduction in productivity-that is, an adverse shock to the production function.

a．What happens to the labor demand curve？

b．How would this change in productivity affect the labor market-that is, employment, unemployment, and real wages-if the labor market were always in equilibrium？

c．How would this change in productivity affect the labor market if unions prevented real wages from falling？

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第6题

在索洛维亚这个经济中，资本所有者得到了的国民收入，而工人得到了的国民收入。 a．索洛维亚的男人留在家里从

在索洛维亚这个经济中，资本所有者得到了的国民收入，而工人得到了的国民收入。

a．索洛维亚的男人留在家里从事家务劳动，而妇女在工厂干活。如果一些男人开始走出家门去工作，以至劳动力增加了5%，这个经济可衡量的产出会发生什么变动？劳动生产率——定义为每个工人的产出——是提高了，下降了，还是保持不变？全要素增长率提高了，下降了。还是保持不变？

b．在第1年，资本存量为6，劳动投入为3，产出为12。在第2年，资本存量为7，劳动投入为4，产出为14。在这两年之间，全要素生产率发生了什么变动？

In the economy of Solovia, the owners of capital get two-thirds of national income, and the workers receive one-third.

a．The men of Solovia stay at home performing household chores, while the women work in factories. If some of the men started working outside the home so that the labor force increased by 5 percent, what would happen to the measured output of the economy？ Does labor productivity-defined as output per worker-increase, decrease, or stay the same？ Does total factor productivity increase, decrease, or stay the same？

b．In year 1, the capital stock was 6, the labor input was 3, and output was 12. In year 2, the capital stock was 7, the labor input was 4, and output was 14. What happened to total factor productivity between the two years？

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第7题

奥肯定律涉及( )的关系。

A.实际产出增长和名义产出增长

B.通货膨胀与失业

C.失业率与产出率

D.实际工资率与就业量

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第8题

索洛剩余是指()。

A.全要素生产率的变化

B.产出中无法由要素投入来解释的部分

C.经常被用来测度技术进步

D.以上都正确

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第9题

假设政府想增加投资但保持产出不变。在IS－LM模型中。货币与财政政策如何配合才能实现这一目标？在20世纪80年代

假设政府想增加投资但保持产出不变。在IS-LM模型中。货币与财政政策如何配合才能实现这一目标？在20世纪80年代初，美国政府减税并有预算赤字，而美联储实施紧缩性货币政策，这种政策配合会有什么影响？

Suppose that the government wants to raise investment but keep output constant. In the IS-LM model, what mix of monetary and fiscal policy will achieve this goal？ In the early 1980s, the U.S. government cut taxes and ran a budget deficit while the Fed pursued a tight monetary policy. What effect should this policy mix have？

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第10题

在我们的模型中，价格水平P在短期内被认为是不变的，但实际上，永久性财政扩张导致的本币升值可能会通过降低某

些进口价格而使P下降。如果永久性财政扩张的确使P有轻微下降，那么它对产出无影响这一结论是否仍成立(同上，假定初始条件为长期均衡)？

Our model takes the price level P as given in the short run，but in reality the currency appreciation caused by a permanent fiscal expansion might cause P to fall a bit by lowering some import prices．If P can fall slightly as a result of a permanent fiscal expansion，is it still true that there are no output effects？ (As above，assume an initial long-run equilibrium．)

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第11题

在新古典增长模型中，已知生产函数为y=2k-0.5k2，y为人均产出，k为人均资本，储蓄率s=0.1。人口增长率n=0.05，资

在新古典增长模型中，已知生产函数为y=2k-0.5k²，y为人均产出，k为人均资本，储蓄率s=0.1。人口增长率n=0.05，资本折旧率δ=0.05。试求：

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