In most cultures, when you meet acquaintances for the first time during a day, it is norma

第1题

Most importantly, such an experience helps ______ a heightened sensitivity to other cultur

es and will bring about a greater appreciation or one's own culture as well.

A．coach

B．forsake

C．foster

D．censor

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第2题

Which of the following does the author most probably agree with？A) The goal of the ant

Which of the following does the author most probably agree with？

A) The goal of the anthropologist is to understand the way in which people express themselves.

B) The anthropologist tries to understand why cultures are carried on without any change.

C) The anthropologist's professional interest is as wide as the variety of customs.

D)All of the above.

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第3题

听力原文：American colleges and universities consider a number of things about a student wh

听力原文： American colleges and universities consider a number of things about a student who wants to be admitted. Experts on the subject say the most important thing is the student's high school record. Admissions officers look not only at the grades that the student has earned. They also look at the level of difficulty of the classes.

A student's interests and activities may also play a part in getting accepted. But in most cases another consideration is how well the student did on college entrance exams. This week in our Foreign Student Series Program, we discuss two of these tests: the SAT and the ACT. Most American schools accept either one.

The SAT measures reasoning skills in mathematics and language. Students have almost four hours to complete the SAT. The newest part is an essay. Students have 25 minutes to write an answer to a question.

Students may also need to take SAT subject tests in areas like history, science and foreign language.

The ACT is an achievement test. It is designed to measure what a student has learned in school. Students are tested in mathematics, English, reading and science. A writing test is offered but not required. Without it, the ACT takes about three hours to complete. The essay part adds 30 minutes.

(33)

A．The grade of the ACT or the SAT.

B．The high school the applicant studied.

C．The high school record.

D．The entrance examination.

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第4题

People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conc

lusion that it developed 【C1】______ as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and 【C2】______ a very simple affair in the beginning. 【C3】______ , when we observe the language behavior. of 【C4】______ we regard as primitive cultures, we find it 【C5】______ complicated. It was believed that an Eskimo must have the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words 【C6】______ to get along reasonably well, much larger than the active vocabulary of a (n) 【C7】______ businessman who speaks Eng-fish. 【C8】______ , these Eskimo words are far more highly inflected (词尾变化的) than 【C9】______ of any of the well-known European languages, for a 【C10】______ noun can be spoken or written in 【C11】______ hundred different forms, each 【C12】______ a precise meaning different from that of any other. The forms of the verbs are even more 【C13】______ . The Eskimo language is, 【C14】______ , one of the most difficult in the world to learn, 【C15】______ the result that almost no traders or explorers have 【C16】______ tried to learn it. Consequently, there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon 【C17】______ to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are 【C18】______ from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Danish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon 【C19】______ is usually referred to by travelers 【C20】______ "the Eskimo language".

【C1】

A．unceasingly

B．continuously

C．gradually

D．continually

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第5题

In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many othe

r cultures children are expected to care【1】their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who【2】with their parents【3】65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to take care of their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live【4】. What explains these differences in living arrangements【5】cultures？ Modernization theory【6】the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people【7】in【8】rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized,【9】a strong tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain【10】living arrangements. Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance【11】.【12】this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then【13】their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws,【14】broader social changes brought【15】 by industrialization and urbanization, have【16】the【17】.In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did-a figure that is still high【18】U.S. standards, but which has been【19】steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are【20】: the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.

(1)

A．about

B．after

C．for

D．over

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第6题

An owl（猫头鹰) is a bird. There are two basic types of owls: typical owls and barn owls. O

An owl(猫头鹰) is a bird. There are two basic types of owls: typical owls and barn owls. Owls live in almost every country of the world.

Owls are mostly nocturnal, meaning they are awake at night. Owls are predators——they hunt the food that they eat. Owls hunt for mice and other small mammals, insects, and even fish. Owls are well adapted for hunting. Their soft feathers make their flight nearly silent. They have very good hearing, which helps them to hunt well in the darkness. The sharp hooked beaks and claws of the owl make it very easy to tear apart prey quickly, although owls also eat some prey whole.

Owl eyes are unusual. Like most predators, both of the owl's eyes face front. The owl cannot move its eyes. Owls are far-sighted, which means they can see very well far away, but they can't see up close very well at all. Fortunately, their distant vision is what they use for hunting, and they can see far away even in low light.

Owl can turn their heads 180 degrees. This makes it look like they might be able to turn their heads all the way around, but 180 degrees is all the owl needs to see what's going on all around him.

(66) Perhaps because of the owl's mysterious appearance, especially its round eyes and flexible neck, there are a lot of myths and superstitions (迷信) about owls. Many cultures believe that owls are unusually wise. Because owls are nocturnal, some cultures associate owls with bad omens. However, owls probably do not interact with the fates of humans at all. In fact, some owl species may become extinct because of humans.

Which of the following is NOT true about owls？

A．Owls eat small animals.

B．Owls are able to fly silently.

C．Owls have very poor vision.

D．Owls have flexible necks.

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第7题

A smile is a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude and a willingness to communicate.

It is a positive, silent sign sent with the hope the other person will smile back. When you smile, you show you have noticed the person in a positive way. The result？ That person will usually smile back.

You might not realize a closed position is the cause of many conversational problems. A common closed position is sitting with your arms and legs crossed and your hand covering your mouth or chin. This is often called the "thinking pose". Ask yourself this question: Are you going to interrupt someone who appears to be deep in thought？ This position gives off "stay away" signs and prevents your main "sign sender" (your mouth) from being seen by others looking for inviting conversational signs.

The open body position is most effective when you place yourself within communicating distance of the other person—that is, within about five feet. Take care, however, not to enter someone's "personal space" by getting too close, too soon.

Leaning forward a little while a person is talking shows your interest and how you are listening to what the person is saying. By doing this, you are saying: I hear what you're saying, and I'm interested in—keep talking!

Often people will lean back with their hands over their mouth, chin, or behind their head in the "thinking" pose. This position gives off signs of judgment, doubt, and lack of interest from the listener. Since most people do not feel comfortable when they think they are being judged, this leaning-back position serves to prevent the speaker from continuing.

In many cultures the most common form. of first contact between two people is a handshake. Be the first to extend your hand in greeting. Couple this with a friendly "Hello", a nice smile, and your name and you have made the first step to open the lines of communication.

Eye contact should be natural, not forced or overdone. Direct eye contact shows you are listening to the other person and that you want to know about her.

A person smiles to show______.

A．he is kind and useful

B．he is happy all the time

C．he is ready to talk with you

D．he sees something funny

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第8题

Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us beli

eve, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states " invest " in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits？

So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life.

It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries.

Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child.

Why do modern states invest in institutions of learning？

A．To get a repayment for what an individual's education has cost.

B．To get rewards for what they have spent.

C．To charge interest.

D．To give all the children free education.

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第9题

In most cultures, when you meet acquaintances for the first time during a day, it is norma

l to greet them. The main purpose of this greeting is to 【B1】 a good relationship between the people 【B2】 and each language usually has 【B3】 set phrases which can be used for this purpose. Sometimes, though, there can be 【B4】 differences in the type of phrases which can be used, and cultural misunderstandings can easily 【B5】. The following is a true example.

A young British woman went to Hong Kong to work, and at the time of her 【B6】 she knew nothing about the Chinese culture of language. 【B7】 her way to school one day, she went to the bank to get some money. 【B8】, the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch. She was extremely surprised 【B9】 such a question because in the British culture it would be 【B10】 an indirect invitation to lunch. Between unmarried young people it can also 【B11】 the young man's interest in dating the girl. 【B12】 this bank clerk was a complete stranger 【B13】 the British girl, she was very much taken aback (生气), and hastily commented that she had eaten 【B14】. After this she 【B15】 to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked the same question. By now she 【B16】 that it could not be an invitation, but was puzzled 【B17】 why they asked it. 【B18】 the following days she was asked the same question again and again. Only much later 【B19】 that the question had no real meaning 【B20】 --it was merely a greeting.

【B1】

A．build on

B．build up

C．build into

D．build out

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第10题

Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"—physical objects that can be s

een, held, fell, used — that a culture produces. Examining a culture's tools and technology can tell us about the group's history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music: can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of "things" in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot bear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their develop ment. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.

Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutusl influence

among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music cul Lure as a whole.

One more important part of music's material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media—radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; the)' have affected music cultures all over the globe.

Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance bucause ______.

A．it helps produce new cultural tools and technology

B．it can reflect the development of the nation

C．it helps understand the nation's past and present

D．it can demonstrate the nations civilization

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第11题

To better understand the negotiation practices of other cultures, it is important for us t

o be aware of the standard negotiation practices in the United States. Americans grow up believing in the motto "He who hesitates is lost."【C1】______ , most Americans conduct business at lightning speed. It is not【C2】______ for contracts to be signed during the first business meeting. These rapid contracts are【C3】______ by the fact that middle managers have the【C4】______ to make quick decisions without consulting the boss or 【C5】______ with the group. Brief small talk often【C6】______ the business interaction,【C7】______ the short-term rewards, and financial arrangements quickly become the focus.【C8】______ contracts are helpful but not necessary because a person's last successes are deemed more important. Communication is usually indirect, informal, competitive and【C9】______ argumentative.

Negotiation in Western Europe is different from【C10】______ in the United States. For the French, business is a very formal issue, and any【C11】______ of a casual attitude will have a negative influence on the transaction. Their eye contact tends to be so intense that even North Americans may feel【C12】______ . In Germany, business is also conducted very formally【C13】______ great attention to order, planning, and schedules. Because of this slow methodical process, it is virtually impossible to speed up a business transaction. Humor, compliments, and personal questions are not a part of German negotiations.【C14】______ , business may begin immediately after an introduction. Although the Dutch are also straightforward and【C15】______ in negotiations, business is conducted at a slower pace than in the United States.

Swedes are also very serious about business. They show little【C16】______ during negotiation and expect the same from you.【C17】______ is important to Swedish negotiations, and they tend to avoid confrontation. They may【C18】______ a discussion abruptly if they think it will lead to an argument over a sensitive topic. In conversation, Swedes do not【C19】______ exaggeration or superficiality. However, silence is part of their language pattern, so they expect【C20】______ to be filled with long pauses.

【C1】

A．However

B．Moreover

C．Therefore

D．Meanwhile

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