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In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs becom

e complicated. Many of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.

In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War II. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable has lost. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.

Adding to social changes today is an enormous stockpile of information, The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming.

Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information, Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared worldwide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.

In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. "Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.

The word "it" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably refers to ______.

A．the lack of stable communities

B．the breakdown of informal information channels

C．the increased mobility of families

D．the growing number of people moving from place to place

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更多“In such a changing, complex so…”相关的问题
第1题
Passage OneAnimals react to the changing seasons with changes in mood and behavior. and hu

Passage One

Animals react to the changing seasons with changes in mood and behavior. and human beings are no exception. Most people find they eat and sleep slightly more in winter and dislike the dark mornings and short days. For some, however, symptoms (症状) are severe enough to damage their lives and to cause considerable stress. These people are suffering from SAD. The symptoms tend to start from around September each year lasting until April, but are at their worst in the darkest months.

The standard figure says that around 2% of people in Northern Europe suffer badly, with many more (10%) putting up with milder symptoms. Across the world the incidence (发生率) increases with distance from the equator (赤道), except where there is snow on the ground, when it becomes less common. More women than men are found having SAD. Children and young people can also suffer from it.

The problem stems from the lack of bright light in winter. Researchers have proved that bright light makes a difference to the brain chemistry, although the exact means by which sufferers are affected is not yet known.

As the cause is lack of bright light, the treatment is to be in bright light every day by using a lightbox or a similar bright light treatment. (Going to a brightly-lit climate, whether skiing or somewhere hot, is indeed a cure. ) The preferred level of light is about as bright as a spring morning on a clear day and for most people sitting in front of a lightbox, allowing the light to reach the eyes, for between 15 and 45 minutes daily will be sufficient to alleviate the symptoms. The user does not have to stare at the light, but can watch TV or read a book, just allowing the light to reach the eyes. OUTSIDE IN have a complete range of suitable lights, all in line with the research findings from medical and academic facilities. They are all available on our pioneering HOME TRIAL SYSTEM.

What happens to SAD patients, according to the passage？

A．They eat more and sleep less.

B．They are cheerless and worried.

C．They react to the changing seasons.

D．They dislike long days with dark mornings.

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第2题
Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world's largest temporary employment agency. E
very morning, its people 【B1】 into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day's work for a day's pay. One day at a time, 【B2】 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 【B3】 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.

【B4】 its economy continues to recover, the U.S. is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This " 【B5】 " work force is the most important 【B6】 in American business today, and it is 【B7】 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 【B8】 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 【B9】 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 【B10】 that came from being a loyal employee.

【B1】

A．swarm

B．stride

C．separate

D．slip

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第3题
"If it takes you six hours to read this book, somewhere in the world 2,500 people will hav
e died of starvation or of hunger-related illness by the time you【36】."

Why are so many【37】？ Susan George affirms with conviction, and with solid【38】, that it is not because there【39】too many passengers on" Spaceship Earth ", not because【40】bad weather or changing climates, but because of food【41】by the rich.【42】the poor go hungry.

The multinational agribusiness corporations,【43】governments with their food "aid" policies and supposedly neural multilateral development organizations【44】responsibility for their【45】.

They all work in corporation【46】local elites, themselves nurtured and protected by the powerful in the【47】world. The United States【48】the way, leads the pack and is【49】imposing its control over the whole planet.

Only those【50】people who can become consumers will eat in the Brave New World being shaped【51】the well-fed. The standard liberal solution to【52】the world-population control or the Green Revolution are just【53】the hungry poor don't need. All the need is social change, otherwise known as【54】. With that, they could, and would, resolve most of their problems【55】.

(41)

A．spend

B．read

C．finish

D．overtake

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第4题
It is not easy to pin-point the 【C1】______ of the Christmas feast, today the most importan
t feast of the Christmas season in most western Christian churches. One can only say 【C2】______ that the birth of Jesus Christ was being 【C3】______ in Rome by the year 336 A. D.; afterwards the feast was celebrated in other Christian churches throughout the worid. 【C4】______ it was celebrated on December 25th is another 【C5】______ . No date for the 【C6】______ of Jesus can be found in the New Testament, which is concerned more 【C7】______ the question "Who is Jesus？" 【C8】______ the date of his birth. Early Christian speculation about his birth date was 【C9】______ by the symbolism of the changing seasons, then popular in 【C10】______ thought, 【C11】______ paid careful 【C12】______ to the equinoxes and solstices of the sun. Christian slogans speculated that Jesuswas 【C13】______ at the spring equinox (March 25th) and there-fore was born on December 25th, the date of the winter

solstice.

In many of the Christian 【C14】______ , March25thisstillthe Feast of the Annunciation, when the Angel Gabriel 【C15】______ to Mazy that she【C16】______ the mother of Jesus.

【C17】______ impulse for the feast of Christmas may have came too 【C18】______ the establishment of the pagan feast of the "Unconquered Sun-God" by the Emperor Aurelian in 274 A.D. to be celebrated on December 25, the day of the winter solstice in Rome and throughout the empire. 【C19】______ , Christians could celebrate the feast of the "Sun of righteousness" (Malachi 4,2), Jesus Christ, who called himself" 【C20】______ of the world."

【C1】

A．religion

B．origin

C．region

D．oration

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第5题
A college library is an inexhaustible and ever changing storehouse of information. New boo
ks, periodicals, and other【C1】______of information are constantly being【C2】______to the collection. An academic library【C3】______from the knowledge of many people【C4】______the college campus, since faculty(教师)members from all disciplines(学科)keep up with the【C5】______books, magazines, journals, and other information sources【C6】______they can select the best ones for the library.

Of course not all college libraries are the【C7】______; each reflects the institution it is part of--the courses in the curriculum and the【C8】______of the faculty and students. A school of technology will certainly have much more information on technological and scientific subjects than【C9】______a general liberal arts college,【C10】______a university with a business school will provide a full【C11】______of books and periodicals on【C12】______and the【C13】______aspects of business.

You will discover the valuable resources of your own library only【C14】______spending time there, so【C15】______a few minutes to explore: find the periodicals, the reference books, the stacks, the circulation desk. You can easily find your【C16】______magazines, but if you look further, you may【C17】______many other journals and newspapers that you will enjoy reading. You can probably find books by your favorite authors【C18】______you have never read,【C19】______books containing information that is new to you on a subject you【C20】______well.

【C1】

A．sources

B．resources

C．origins

D．ways

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第6题
？Read the article below about corporate culture on the opposite page. ？For each question 1

？Read the article below about corporate culture on the opposite page.

？For each question 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose.

The term corporate culture refers to an organization's value system. Managerial philosophies, workplace practices, and organizational network are included in the concept of corporate culture. Tyson Food's corporate culture is reflected in the fact that everyone—even CEO Don Tyson wears clothes of a yellowish brown color on the job.

The leaders who developed the company and the corporate culture typically shape the corporate culture.One generation of employees passes on a corporate culture to newer employees. Sometimes this is part of formal training. New managers who attend McDonald's Hamburger University may learn skills in management,but they also pick up the basics of the organization's corporate culture. Employees can absorb corporate culture through informal contacts as well, by talking with other workers and through their experiences on the job.

Corporate culture has a major impact on the success of an organization. In organizations with strong cultures,everyone knows and supports the organizations' objectives. In those with weak cultures, no clear sense of purpose exists. In fact, the authors of the classic book In Search of Excellence concluded the presence of a strong corporate culture was the single common thread among many diverse but highly successful companies such as General Electric and McDonald's.

As you can imagine, changing a company's corporate culture can be very difficult. But some managers try to do just that when they feel the current culture is weak, or when the organization's objectives change and the old culture no longer fits. Sometimes the competitive situation of a company changes.For instance, electric utilities, which once had their profits guaranteed by public regulation, now face more competition than ever. Firms that were comfortable competing against other American companies now find themselves fighting competitors from overseas, too.

Management expert Peter Duckers feels that, rather than trying to change culture, managers should focus on changing employees and corporate practices, as follows.

？Define what results are needed. Specify in measurable terms what the organization or department,or office) needs to achieve.

？Determine where these results are already being achieved within the current organization. Analyze the departments that are already effective and find out what they are doing differently from the rest.

？Determine what top management can do to encourage these good results. Duckers suggests that executives openly ask what they can do to help, and then do it.

？Change the reward system—or develop a new one—to recognize these effective practices. When employees realize that the organization really does reward the new approach, they will adopt it much more quickly. Whether one wants to change an organization culture or not, it is important to choose managers and employees whose personal styles fit the organization's goals.

According to the passage, corporate culture

A．means the cultural atmosphere in a company.

B．is established by top leaders and can't be changed.

C．involves the core values of a company.

D．has little influence on the performance of a company.

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第7题
According to figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average weekly income f
or a woman in 1983 was $ 260. For the same year, men had average weekly earnings of $ 393. For some people, these figures are clear evidence that there is still sex discrimination in the area of pay in the U. S. However, I would argue that this explanation is too simple. In order to get an accurate picture of the situation, we must examine the types of jobs which are typically held by men and by women. When we do this, we find that certain occupations seem to be primarily female while others seem to be primarily male occupations. In the medical and legal professions, for example, statistics show that 85% of all doctors and lawyers are men (although this situation is changing). More than 90% of all engineers are men. Women, however, have been the majority for a long time in other occupations. For example, 99 out of every 100 secretaries are women, and 95% of all nurses are female. From these statistics, it is clear that women tend to enter certain occupations and not others. The occupations which they enter are often in service industries and often have one common feature: They do not pay well. It can be argued that this is the principal reason for the difference in earnings between men and women. In addition, we can expect the pay situation to change in the future, because more qualified women are beginning careers in medicine, law, business, scientific research, and engineering.

What jobs have typically been held by women？

A．Jobs as doctors and lawyers.

B．Jobs in service industries.

C．Jobs in areas without sex discrimination.

D．Jobs in areas where women are respected.

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第8题
•Read the article below about job enrichment, a kind of way to promote the work effi
ciency of a company.

•Choose the correct word or phrase to fill each gap from A, B, C, or D.

•For each question 21—30, mark one letter (A, B, G, or D) on your Answer Sheet.

Job Enrichment

While pay is an attempt to reward zestful employees, job enrichment is an effort to motivate via the work itself. Job enrichment is the (21) of changing the job so that the work will appeal to employees’ higher-level needs. Its aim is to make the work more meaningful.

First, job enrichment is merely (22) up, working harder at what you are doing. Second, it is not job (23) , merely adding another meaningless job. Some managers assume they are enriching subordinates’ work by adding their duties, but the duties must make the job more meaningful in order to be enriching. Third, rotating (24) tasks does not help, at least not very much. Fourth, job enrichment does not mean (25) away all the hard parts and making the task more routine.

Then what is job enrichment？ Job enrichment is based on Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory of (26) . Herzberg argued that because job rotation and job enlargement do not provide workers with any additional responsibility or (27) over their jobs, they do not really enhance employee motivation. Job enrichment (28) to increase both the number of tasks a worker does and the control the worker has over the job. Many companies (29) job enrichment to improve the quality of work life for their employees. The (30) benefits of job enrichment are great, but it requires careful planning and execution.

(21)

A．purpose

B．program

C．project

D．process

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第9题
Everyone seems to be in favor of progress. But " progress" is a funny word. It doesn't nec
essarily mean that something has become stronger, wiser, or better. It simply means changing it from being one thing to another and sometimes it turns out to be worse than before.

Consider medicine, for instance. No one can deny that medical progress has enriched our lives tremendously. Because of medical advances, we eat better, live easier and are able to take care of ourselves more efficiently. We can cure disease with no more than one injection or a pill. If we have a serious accident, surgeons can put us back together again. If we are born with something defective, they can repair it. They can make us happy, restore our normality, ease our pain, replace worn parts and give us children. They can even bring us back from the dead. These are wonderful achievements, but there is a price we have to pay.

Because medicine has reduced infant mortality and natural death so significantly, the population has been rising steadily, in spite of serious efforts to reduce the rate of population growth. Less than a century ago in the United Stales, infant mortality claimed more than half of the newborn within the first year of life. Medical advances, however, have now reduced that rate to nearly zero. A child born in the United States today has better than a 90% chance of survival. Furthermore, medical advances have ensured that most of these infants will live to be seventy years of age or more, and even that life expectancy increases every year. The result of this progress is an enormous population increase that threatens the quality of life, brought about by progress in the medical profession.

According to this passage, " progress" doesn't always mean that______.

A．something has become stronger and better

B．something has been changed from being one thing to another

C．something has become funny

D．something turns out to be worse than before

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第10题
Forget Brother, Can You Spare a Dime？ The theme song of this recession might well be "Moth
er, Can You Write a Check？" The distressing economy has resulted in increasing numbers of parents and grandparents helping out their strapped adult children and grandkids with home down payments, credit-card bailouts(紧急财政援助), and spare cash--often at the same time as parents are trying to confront new retirement budgets.

"We are seeing a ton of this," says Ross Levin, an Edina, Minn., financial adviser. "Sometimes it's a great idea and sometimes it is not. You have to make sure you put on your own oxygen mask first."

Some 62 percent of visitors to Grandparents.com have helped their kids financially in the past year, with 70 percent of that group handing over cash to help their adult children and grandchildren with daily expenses, says the site's CEO, Jerry Shereshewsky. Another popular category is housing; in the last year many parents have coughed up down payments to help their kids get into homes while the 8,000 first-time home buyer's credit was in effect.

Then there's the debt-bailout situation. A survey recently conducted by Creditcards.com for Newsweek found that 42 percent of folks with adult children have helped them pay off car loans, credit cards, medical bills, and more.

None of this is surprising to Shereshewsky, who sees the trend as a natural result of changing families and the distribution of wealth. "This is where all the money is--and it's where the money is, despite the fact that we've had this meltdown." In general, the baby-boom generation is far wealthier than their children are, and has a lower unemployment rate than 20-somethings. He says that the vast majority of multi-generation households now involve adult children (and sometimes their children) moving in with aging parents. Baby-boom parents generally aspire to helping their kids and their grandchildren and don't want to wait until they are dead to do it.

"You should give while you're young enough to enjoy the fruits of what you're doing," says Shereshewsky, who is personally considering getting a reverse mortgage on his home when it comes time to help his 20-something kids with home purchases.

According the passage, people are regarded as "strapped" if they are ______.

A．jobless in the recession

B．in financial difficulties

C．dependent on their parents

D．troubled by credit card debt

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第11题
The influence of climate on behavior. appears all-pervasive. Indeed, who can claim that we
ather factors have no influence on their decision-making？ Everyone can point to instances where plans and activities have been changed because of weather conditions. People's moods also change with the weather: bright sunny days seem to lift spirits, while dark rainy periods bring on depression.

Law enforcement agencies are beginning to show interests in the effect of atmospheric conditions on behavior. Every year, the FBI's Uniform. Crime Reports provide break-downs of the crime rates by month and season of the year. Both monthly and seasonal variations are considered to reflect the varying influence of temperature, precipitation, humidity, length of daylight, and a number of other climatological factors.

Various studies find relationships between specific climatological conditions and crime. Rising temperature is generally accompanied by increase in aggression and violent crime. On the other hand, high humidity appears to reduce the incidence of physical activity and aggression. Rain, cloud cover, and other forms of inclement weather are associated with lower levels of property crimes and increased depression.

Our study showed that low humidity has the most widespread influence on all types of crime studied. The analysis also shows that as humidity increase the level of crime decreases. Temperature also has a great effect. Increasing temperature fails to influence the number of nighttime burglaries/larcenies, but it does increase the other crime categories. Burglaries/larcenies (day and night) and daytime assaults also tend to increase along with cloud cover. Except for wind speed and barometric pressure with regard to daytime assaults, the remaining weather factors have virtually no influence on the levels of crime.

Individuals who respond with criminal behavior. to weather change or weather extremes may be controllable by administering drugs that offset these influences. Electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain may someday be a feasible countermeasure to aggressive stimuli due to increased temperature or other weather variables.

Changing or manipulating the weather is one possible means of attacking a weather crime interaction. This approach may not be feasible due to the many relationships between weather/ climate and the rotation of the earth. Minor changes may be possible such as regulation of rainfall of sky cover. On the other hand, temperature control may be impossible.

More research is needed to assess and clarify the relationship between crime and the various climatological factors. Once this is accomplished, it will be necessary to devise more accurate means of forecasting the weather, counteracting the effects of weather on human behavior, and controlling the environment, or identifying other approaches to the problem.

People are likely to be very active and aggressive

A．when it is rainy and cloudy.

B．as humidity increases.

C．when there is little moisture.

D．as temperature decreases.

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