题目内容
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A．Y
B．N
C．NG
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According to a report by the American Heart Association, doctors should consider prescribing【5】aspirin for middle-aged people with a family history of, or【6】for, heart disease. (Risk factors include smoking, being more than 20 percent overweight, high blood pressure and lack of exercise. )
Aspirin is also a lifesaver during heart attacks. Paramedics now give it routinely, and experts urge anyone with chest pain,【7】if it spreads to the neck, shoulder or an arm, or is accompanied by sweating, nausea (恶心), lightheadedness and breathing difficulty to chew and【8】an aspirin tablet immediately.
When taking aspirin for heart attack,【9】the plain, uncoated variety. For even faster absorption, crush and mix with a little water. Speed of absorption is critical because most heart attack deaths occur【10】the first few hours after chest pain strikes.
(1)
A．expected
B．demanded
C．assigned
D．advised
We judge race usually 【22】______ the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But 【23】______ you were to remove the skin you could not 【24】______ anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is 【25】______ in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to 【26】______ a difference.
There are four types of blood. 【27】______ types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the 【28】______ . No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will 【29】______ in size, but this occurs within every race. 【30】______ does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain 【31】______ examined belonged to a person of weak 【32】______ .On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had 【33】______ brains.
Mental tests which are reasonably 【34】______ show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race. 【35】______ equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location. Individuals of every race 【36】______ civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people, 【37】______ enable them to behave in a 【38】______ way.
The behavior. and ideals of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new 【39】______ is better and higher than anything 【40】______ the past.
【21】
A．complete
B．full
C．total
D．whole
(76)Apparently, many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. When employers evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance. Employees know this. Although many working people can do their job effectively during a regular 40-hour work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them.
A group of headhunters (猎头) were asked their opinion about a situation. They had a choice of two candidates for an executive position with an important company. The candidates had similar qualifications for the job．For example, they were both reliable. One could do the job well in a 40-hour work week. The other would do the Same job in an 80-hour work week just as well. According to a headhunting expert, the 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job．The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend mote time at work, too. Employers believe that if the employees stay at work later, they may actually do more work.
However, the connection between time and productivity (生产率) is not always positive. (77) In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone’s productivity and creativity begin to decrease. Some employees are not willing to spend so much extra, unproductive time at the office once they finish their work satisfactorily, they want to relax and enjoy themselves. For these people, the Solution is to find a company that encourages people to do both.
What is the main idea of this passage？
A．Many people work long hours but do not always do a lot of work.
B．Most people can get more work done by working longer hours.
C．Most Americans work 80 hours a week and some work even longer.
D．People can make more money by working longer hours.
(76)Apparently, many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. When employers evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance. Employees know this. Although many working people can do their job effectively during a regular 40-hour work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them.
A group of headhunters (猎头) were asked their opinion about a situation. They had a choice of two candidates for an executive position with an important company. The candidates had similar qualifications for the job．For example, they were both reliable. One could do the job well in a 40-hour work week. The other would do the Same job in an 80-hour work week just as well. According to a headhunting expert, the 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job．The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend mote time at work, too. Employers believe that if the employees stay at work later, they may actually do more work.
However, the connection between time and productivity (生产率) is not always positive. (77) In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone’s productivity and creativity begin to decrease. Some employees are not willing to spend so much extra, unproductive time at the office once they finish their work satisfactorily, they want to relax and enjoy themselves. For these people, the Solution is to find a company that encourages people to do both.
What is the main idea of this passage？
A．Many people work long hours but do not always do a lot of work.
B．Most people can get more work done by working longer hours.
C．Most Americans work 80 hours a week and some work even longer.
D．People can make more money by working longer hours.
The restrictive laws that the courts are interpreting are mainly a legacy(遗赠物) of the bank failures of the 1930's. The current high rate of bank failure--higher than at any time since the Great Depression--has made legislators 'afraid to remove the restrictions. While their legislative timidity is understandable, it is also mistaken. One reason so many American banks are getting into trouble is precisely that the old restrictions make it hard for them to build a domestic base large and strong enough to support their activities in today's telecommunicating round-the-clock, around-the-world financial markets.
In trying to escape from these restrictions, banks are taking enormous, and what should be unnecessary, risks. For instance, would a large bank be buying small, failed savings banks at inflated prices if federal law and states regulations permitted that bank to explain instead through the acquisition of financially healthy banks in the region？ Of coupe not. The solution is clear. American banks will be sounder when they are not geographically limited.
The house of Representative's banking committee has shown part of the way forward by recommending common-sensible, though limited, legislation for a five-year transition to nationwide banking. This would give regional banks time to group together to form. counterweights to the big moneycenter banks. Without this breathing space the big money-center banks might soon extend across the country to develop. But any such legislation should be regarded as only a way station on the road towards a complete examination of American's suitable banking legislation.
The restrictive banking laws of the 130's are still on the book because______.
A．the bank failures of the 1930's were caused by restrictive courts
B．banking has not changed during the past 50 years
C．legislators believe banking problems similar to those of the Depression still exist today
D．the banking system is too restrictive, but no alternatives have been suggested
Changing our Understanding of Health
A
The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups. These meanings of health have also changed over time. This change is no more evident than in Western society to day, when notions of health and health promotion are being challenged and expanded in new ways.
B
For much of recent Western history. Health has been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine. Health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms. According to this view, creating health for people means providing medical care to treat or prevent disease and illness. During this period, there was an emphasis on providing clean water, improved sanitation and housing.
In the late 1940s the World Health Organization challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health. They stated that "health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease" (WHO, 1946). Health and the person were seen more holistically (mind/body/spirit) and not just in physical terms.
C
The 1970s was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyle. and behavior. of the individual. Specific behaviors which were seen to increase risk of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitness and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted. Creating health meant providing not only medical health care, but health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behaviors and lifestyles. While this individualistic healthy lifestyles approach to health worked for some (the wealthy members of society), people experiencing poverty, unemployment, underemployment or little control over the conditions of their daily lives benefited little from this approach. This was largely because both the healthy lifestyles approach and the medical approach to health largely ignored the social and environmental conditions affecting the health of people.
D
During the 1980s and 1990s there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle. risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyle. factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live. This broad approach to health is called the socio-ecological view of health. The broad socio-ecological view of health was endorsed at the first International Conference of Health Promotion held in 1986, Ottawa, Canada, where people from 38 countries agreed and declared that:
The fundamental conditions and resources for health are peace, shelter, education, food, a viable income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity. Improvement in health requires a secure foundation in these basic requirements. (WHO, 1986)
It is clear from this statement that the creation of health is about much more than encouraging healthy individual behaviors and lifestyles and providing appropriate medical care. Therefore, the creation of health must include addressing issues such as poverty, pollution, urbanization, natural resource depletion, social alienation and poor working conditions. The social, economic and environmental cont
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Renters and city planners are worried about the high cost of renting apartments. Many cities now have rent control laws to keep the cost of renting low. These laws help low-income families who cannot pay high rents.
Rent controls in the United States began in 1943 when the government imposed rent controls on all American cities to help workers and the families of soldiers during World War Ⅱ. After the war, only one city—New York—continued these World War Ⅱ controls. Recently, more and more cities have returned to rent controls. At the beginning of the 1980s, nearly one fifth of the people in the United States lived in cities with rent-control laws.
Many cities have rent-control laws, but why are rents so high？ Builders and landlords blame rent controls for the high rents. Rents are high because there are not enough apartments to rent, and they blame rent controls for the shortage of apartments. Builders want more money to build more apartment buildings, and landlords want more money to repair their old apartment buildings. But they cannot increase rents to get this money because of the rent-control laws. As a result, landlords are not repairing their old apartments, and builders are not building new apartment buildings to replace the old apartment buildings. Builders are building apartments for high-income families, not low income families, so low-income families must live in old apartments that are in disrepair. Builders and landlords claim that rent-control laws really hurt low income families.
Many renters disagree with them. They say that rent control is not the problem. Even without rent controls, builders and landlords will continue to ignore low-income housing because they can make more money from high-income housing. The only answer, they claim, is more rent controls and government help for low-income housing.
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A．The Highest Rent.
B．Rent Controls.
C．Building Apartments for Low-Income Families.
D．Rent-Control Laws.
Yesterday Mr. Smith gave a vivid ______ of his recent visit to China.
A．dialogue
B．idea
C．tale
D．account
A．original
B．originally
C．originated
D．originality
A．more government funding to colleges
B．fierce competition among institutions
C．the increasing number of top students
D．schools' improved financial situations
A. While
B. If that
C. When
D. Which
